Types of graphs

  • Undirected graph: a graph whose edges can be traversed in either direction
  • Directed graph: a graph whose edges can only be traversed in a specified direction (usually indicated by an arrow)
  • Weighted graph: a graph whose edges are given numerical weights
  • Bipartite graph: a graph which can be split into two groups such that no two vertices in each group are connected by an edge
    • Chromatic number is at most 2. It is 1 if there are no edges.
  • Complete graph: a graph where every two vertices are connected by an edge, the degree of every node is . The graph contained all possible edges between the nodes.
  • Regular graph: a graph whose vertices all have the same degree. A graph whose vertices have degree is called a -regular graph.
  • Connected graph: a graph in which there exists a path between every pair of vertices
  • Simple graph: a graph with no self-loops and no multiple edges
  • Acyclic graph: a graph with no cycles
  • Tree: an undirected, acyclic, connected graph where there exists exactly one path between any pair of vertices

Fun fact: for a graph with vertices,

  • it has edges
  • it is acyclic
  • it is connected

If any two conditions mentioned earlier are satisfied, so is the third one.

  • The degree of a node is the number of its neighbours. The sum of degrees in a graph is always , where is the number of edges, because each edge increases the degree of exactly two nodes by one.